Aproximación de Unidades Ambientales y determinación de la capacidad de acogida, como ejercicio de Planificación Territorial en la Sub-Cuenca del río Mucujún, parroquia Gonzalo Picón Febres del municipio Libertador del estado Mérida, Venezuela
Resumen
Classification of ecosystems and assessment of reception capacity in order to determine adequate land-use planning and management of the Mucujún river sub-watershed in the Gonzalo Picón Febres parish, Libertador municipality of the state of Mérida-Venezuela
Summary
This work studies the Mucujún sub-watershed which is an area with hidri capability for the state of Mérida and with homogeneous and unique environmental characteristics in Venezuela. For this, an analysis of the sub-watershed territorial system assets was carried out, identifying seventeen (17) environmental units recorded on descriptive file cards which were valued according to its excellence grade taking into account value dimensions: ecological, landscaping, functional, productive and scientific. These data were used to determine reception capacity of the territory as an expression of the relationship between environment and human activities in terms of capability, compatibility and incompatibility. This assessment revealed that the territory of the watershed is a source of abundant ecosystems of great interest, such as lagoon systems, wetlands, moors, rainforest, native forests, brushwoods, riparian forests, with the following characteristics: a. Abundant biological diversity with rare, local flora and fauna; b. Enormous scientific value etnobiological significance; c. Highly fragile; d. With added value as sources of water and beautiful landscapes; e. A valley depth and less steep hillsides with a high productive value favouring agricultural production, fish farming and touristic activities. As a result, it was determined that 88.41% (17,195.30 hectares) of the totalterritory (19,450.00 hectares) comprise areas ranging from high to very high environmental value in relation to their ecological and environmental landscape characteristics, and their scientific, cultural, productive and functional value, which leads to visualize the territory as a productive zone of goods and environmental services to use with environmental sustainability criteria and which must be considered to inform decisions by policy makers responsible for environmental issues (Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Ambiente y el Instituto Nacional de Parques). Only 11.59% (2,254.70 hectares) is apt for agricultural production and urban growth and tourismactivity. Nevertheless, there have been rapid and unplanned decisions made in favour of activities such as urban development, deforestation, infrastructure changes, agricultural and tourism activities, all of which impact on the environmental sustainability of zones deemed of having a high environmental value. Therefore, it is required the adoption of adequate land-use management procedures in which the reception capability and the environmental sustainabiliity of the territory are considered.
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