Manejo odontológico de pacientes con VIH y sida: Revisión de la literatura
Resumen
El Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH) es una infección grave que afecta a millones de personas en todo el mundo. Hay dos tipos de VIH, siendo el VIH-1 el más común y virulento. El VIH conduce al desarrollo del Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (SIDA), generalmente después de un promedio de 10 años desde la infección.Durante el período asintomático, el virus se multiplica en el organismo, lo que facilita la transmisión a través de diferentes vías. En odontología, es crucial comprender el impacto del VIH en la salud bucal, ya que puede provocar lesiones orales que afectan la calidad de vida de los pacientes.El manejo odontológico de pacientes con VIH presenta desafíos debido a las interacciones entre los medicamentos antirretrovirales y los fármacos dentales, así como a las precauciones para prevenir la transmisión del VIH. El diagnóstico del VIH se realiza mediante pruebas de laboratorio en sangre, que
deben ser confirmadas para evitar resultados incorrectos. Las manifestaciones orales del VIH incluyen caries dental, enfermedades periodontales, candidiasis, estomatitis aftosa recurrente, infecciones virales, afectación de glándulas salivales y neoplasias malignas.El tratamiento del VIH se basa en la terapia antirretroviral para reducir la carga viral y mejorar la salud del
paciente. En el manejo odontológico, se aplican medidas de bioseguridad y se evalúa el riesgo y el estado del paciente antes de intervenciones invasivas, con posible necesidad de profilaxis antibiótica.El manejo odontológico de pacientes con VIH requiere atención integral, incluyendo prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados
Recibido: 11-7-23
Aceptado: 21-8-23
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