Efectividad antiinflamatoria de la dexametasona en la cirugía de terceros molares por 3 vías de administración: una revisión sistemática de la literatura
Resumen
Introducción: La cirugía de terceros molares es una de las prácticas odontológicas realizadas con mayor frecuencia, además se considera un procedimiento quirúrgico invasivo que implica un traumatismo tisular extenso y una considerable inflamación postoperatoria. La dexametasona se utiliza para el control de las secuelas postoperatorias por sus propiedades antiinflamatorias. Se requiere una revisión actualizada que abarque un mayor número de vías de administración, por esta razón, este estudio plantea como objetivo determinar la efectividad de la dexametasona en el postoperatorio de la cirugía de terceros molares a través de tres vías de administración con base en una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Metodología: La búsqueda electrónica se realizó por medio de las fuentes de información: Medline (vía PubMed), Biblioteca Cochrane, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), SciELO, LILACS, Springer Link, Elsevier (a través de Science Direct) y en el buscador Google Académico. Los tipos de estudios incluidos fueron ensayos clínicos, revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis. Resultados: Se identificaron 63 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión en los cuales la inyección submucosa mostró ser la vía implementada con mayor frecuencia, en comparación con las otras vías de administración intramuscular y oral, sin embargo, todas pueden usarse en la práctica odontológica con resultados favorables en el postoperatorio de esta cirugía. Conclusiones: De acuerdo con la evidencia científica analizada se recomienda la aplicación de dexametasona en la cirugía de terceros molares en una dosis única entre 4-8 mg, para disminuir el dolor, edema, hinchazón y trismo de manera considerable. Recibido: 11-12-2019 Aceptado: 17-06-2020
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