Mecanismos celulares más frecuentes del cáncer bucal. Revisión sistemática de la literatura
Resumen
Introducción: El cáncer bucal es uno de los ocho tipos de cáncer más frecuentes a nivel mundial. Este está influenciado por diversos factores de riesgo, los cuales pueden ser, fisiológicos, químicos, físicos o biológicos. Se conoce que la presencia de alguno de estos factores conlleva a una ruptura entre sustancias antioxidantes y oxidantes, provocando gran número de radicales libres, denominado estrés oxidativo. Objetivo: Determinar los mecanismos celulares del cáncer bucal más frecuente a través de una revisión sistemática. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos como Medline a través de Pubmed, Bases de datos multidisciplinarias como Elsevier vía Science Direct, Directorio Hinari, tesauros como Biblioteca Virtual de la Salud; editoriales de acceso abierto como SerbiULA, Medigrafic, Hindawi y Buscador académico Google Académico, en los idiomas inglés, español. Usando principalmente los descriptores "Factores de riesgo", "Estrés oxidativo", "Neoplasia de la boca", "Proteína P53 supresora de tumores", y "periodontitis". Resultados: La neoplasia comprende alteración secuencial de los oncogenes, las especies reactivas de oxígeno pueden dañar significativamente al ADN genómico. Estos daños ocasionan mutaciones e inactivación de genes supresores de tumores. Estudios previos han demostrado el efecto de ERO sobre los mecanismos moleculares, además de la influencia de factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de esta neoplasia. Conclusiones: El estrés oxidativo genera daños a nivel celular, lo cual desencadena el cáncer bucal, como consecuencia de varios factores como el consumo de cigarro, tabaco, alcohol, enfermedades inflamatorias de la mucosa bucal o patologías como el VPH. Recibido: 21-02-2020 Aceptado: 31-08-2020
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