Rehabilitación bucal en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple: una revisión de alcance
Resumen
Introducción: La atención a pacientes con esclerosis múltiple (EM) representa un desafío en el ámbito odontológico debido a sus alteraciones neuromotoras y al impacto funcional progresivo sobre la salud bucal. Propósito: Esta revisión de alcance tuvo como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento clínico de los tratamientos de rehabilitación bucal en pacientes adultos con EM. Método: Se efectuó una búsqueda sistemática en las fuentes de información electrónica PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, LILACS y Google Académico. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos, estudios observacionales, series de casos y reportes clínicos que evaluaron el comportamiento clínico de prótesis dentales fijas, removibles o implantosoportadas. Cinco estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión: un caso-control, una serie de casos y tres casos clínicos. Resultados: La rehabilitación bucal, independientemente del tipo de prótesis utilizada: prótesis dental, prótesis removibles, prótesis parcial fija y prótesis dental de soporte implantado, es viable y segura cuando se planifica bajo protocolos individualizados y seguimiento interdisciplinario. Se observó estabilidad protésica, restauración funcional y mejora de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral, con baja incidencia de complicaciones biológicas o mecánicas. El estudio caso-control presentó riesgo de sesgo bajo, mientras que los reportes y series de casos mostraron alta calidad metodológica según las herramientas del Instituto Joanna Briggs. Conclusiones: la evidencia disponible sobre la rehabilitación bucal en pacientes con EM es escasa. Los estudios disponibles sugieren que las prótesis convencionales adaptadas y las prótesis implantosoportadas son una alternativa de rehabilitación válida. Sin embargo, se requiere más investigación clínica
Recibo: 01-11-25
Aceptado: 15-11-25
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