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Perfil de seguridad y beneficios de los fármacos antidiabéticos en cuanto al riesgo cardiovascular
Resumen
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53766/AcBio/2023.13.26.11
La diabetes tipo 2 es una enfermedad debilitante que afecta la esperanza de vida, la calidad de vida y la salud de un individuo. La enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) es una complicación común asociada a la diabetes y una causa principal de muerte en pacientes diabéticos. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo investigar y resumir el efecto de los fármacos para la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) sobre los problemas de ECV. Se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura principalmente a partir de evidencia de nivel 1. Treinta y siete artículos fueron extraídos de Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, ProQuest y PubMed Database utilizando una combinación de palabras clave. Los hallazgos sugieren que se han probado diferentes agentes reductores de glucosa para determinar su eficacia y seguridad en la DMT2 con ECV. Algunos de los ensayos recientes como el "United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study", "Empagliflozin (EMPA) Cardiovascular (CV) Outcome Event Trial in T2DM Patients-Removing Excess Glucosae" (EMPA-REG OUTCOME), "Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of CV Outcome Results" y "Trial to Evaluate CV and Other Long-term Outcomes with Semaglutide in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes" (SUSTAIN6), han arrojado luz importante sobre esta preocupación clínica vital, demostrando así un efecto convincente de liraglutida, semaglutida y EMPA en los resultados de ECV, mientras que se cree que la metformina es el agente oral óptimo de primera línea para tratar a los diabéticos tipo 2. Algunas clases de medicamentos demuestran protección CV, algunos de ellos pueden ser el resultado de un efecto de clase, y algunas diferencias pueden basarse en la población inscrita individualmente. La mayoría de los ensayos no lograron mostrar un beneficio significativo con respecto a la mortalidad y la morbilidad a pesar del control glucémico intensivo. Este estudio, por lo tanto, nos permitió desarrollar una guía de posibles medicamentos antidiabéticos que pueden influir o promover la salud CV. Los profesionales de la salud en el futuro deben sopesar el riesgo CV frente a las posibles ventajas al prescribir medicamentos antidiabéticos.
Recibido: 28/08/2023
Aprobado: 25/09/2023
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