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Eficacia de los fármacos psicotrópicos en el tratamiento de los trastornos temporomandibulares: Una revisión sistemática
Resumen
Introducción: Los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) son un grupo de problemas clínicos relacionados con la articulación temporomandibular (ATM), los músculos masticatorios y las estructuras asociadas. Afectan la función y son una causa importante de dolor orofacial. Tienen una etiología multifactorial con componentes biomecánicos, biológicos y psicosociales. Los fármacos psicotrópicos se han utilizado en el tratamiento de los TTM, pero su eficacia es controvertida. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de los fármacos psicotrópicos en el tratamiento de los TTM. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura utilizando fuentes de información electrónicas, como PubMed, Cochrane Central, Scopus, LILACS, Google Scholar, OpenGrey y la base de datos Trip desde 2020, siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA y utilizando la herramienta de evaluación de calidad Cochrane RoB-2 y el índice MINORS. El protocolo se registró en PROSPERO con el número CRD420251248245. Resultados: Se incluyeron ocho ensayos controlados con un total de 444 pacientes. El uso de amitriptilina, nortriptilina, duloxetina, diazepam, citalopram y gabapentina redujo significativamente el dolor. Además, mejoró y aumentó la apertura bucal, redujo significativamente la interleucina-6 y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal de los pacientes. Conclusiones: Los fármacos psicotrópicos parecen ser eficaces para el tratamiento de los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM). Tanto su uso en monoterapia como en combinación con otras terapias pueden ofrecer resultados favorables. Los hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de realizar más ensayos controlados aleatorizados bien diseñados y con seguimiento a largo plazo antes de recomendar su uso rutinario en la práctica odontológica.
Recibido: 06-05-2026
Aceptado: 29-05-2026
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