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Respuestas del ejercicio físico en los biomarcadores de inflamación y neurodegeneración en el envejecimiento
Resumen
En las últimas décadas, las enfermedades neurodegenerativas derivadas de los procesos inflamatorios se han convertido en un problema creciente de salud global, con limitaciones en el desarrollo de tratamientos efectivos para su mejora. El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar las respuestas del ejercicio físico en los biomarcadores de inflamación y neurodegeneración, en el envejecimiento. Se revisaron publicaciones en inglés con los términos “neurodegeneración”, “ejercicio físico”, “persona mayor” y “adulto mayor” en Pubmed, Scielo, y Google Académico para el periodo 2004-2024. En conclusión, estas enfermedades neurodegenerativas están caracterizadas por la pérdida continua de neuronas y por las acumulaciones de proteínas en los órganos, específicamente en el cerebro. En las personas mayores, la neurodegeneración se traduce en alteraciones motoras y cognitivas, que deterioran la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Existen proteínas biomarcadoras que se asocian con enfermedades vinculadas al estilo de vida, como la diabetes y la hipertensión arterial, que a su vez se convierten en factores de riesgo de desarrollo de enfermedades como el Alzheimer, Parkinson, Enfermedades Cardiacas y el Cáncer. Por consiguiente, el estrés oxidativo causante de la inflamación sistémica y sus relaciones directas con la actividad física y el ejercicio es un área de estudio compleja, debido a que la intensidad, la densidad, la carga y el volumen de las sesiones de trabajo en los pacientes influyen en el nivel de estrés oxidativo.
Recibido: 10 de Agosto de 2025.
Aceptado: 8 de Febrero de 2026.
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