Evaluación de la modificación superficial inducida por plasma en biocompuestos de PLA- alginato y su respuesta dielectrica: una revisión

Victoria Rivera, Joymar Resto, Jairo Rondón, Claudio Lugo

Resumen


La ingeniería de superficies es fundamental para el avance de los biomateriales en la medicina regenerativa. Los biocom-puestos fabricados con ácido poliláctico (PLA) y alginato combinan la resistencia mecánica del PLA con las propiedades hidrófilas y reticulables del alginato. Sin embargo, su hidrofobicidad intrínseca limita su integración temprana en los tejidos. La modificación por plasma ofrece un método selectivo y no destructivo para mejorar la química superficial, la humectabilidad y la respuesta biológica mediante la funcionalización de la nanocapa superficial. Esta investigación estudia las modificaciones inducidas por plasma en los biocompuestos PLA-alginato y su comportamiento dieléctrico, centrándose en la hidratación, la movilidad iónica y la polarización interfacial. El plasma no térmico introduce grupos funcionales basados en oxígeno y nitrógeno (p. ej., hidroxilo, carboxilo, carbonilo), aumenta la energía superficial y genera rugosidad a nanoescala, mejorando así la adsorción de proteínas, la adhesión de fibroblastos y la actividad osteogénica. La espec-troscopia dieléctrica mide los cambios mediante parámetros como la permitividad relativa (ε′), la pérdida dieléctrica (ε″), la tangente delta (tan δ), la conductividad de CA (σac) y la relajación de Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS), que reflejan la absorción de agua y el comportamiento interfacial. Esta revisión consolida los hallazgos sobre los andamios biomédicos funcionalizados con plasma y la activación del PLA mediante plasma.

 

Recibido: 13 de enero de 2026
Aceptado: 24 de marzo de 2026


Palabras clave


ácido poliláctico; alginato; plasma no térmico; espectroscopia dieléctrica; ingeniería de tejidos; biomaterial

Texto completo:

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Referencias


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