La COVID-19 y su impacto sobre la dinámica compleja de los agrosistemas: salud y seguridad alimentaria.
COVID-19 and its impact on the complex dynamics of agrosystems: health and food security

Juan Pablo Uzcátegui-Varela, Martha Ceballos-Ramírez

Resumen


La enfermedad por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) fue declarada pandemia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en marzo de 2020; es una patología infecciosa que puede tener manifestaciones clínicas graves como neumonía bilateral e insuficiencia respiratoria que amerita ingreso hospitalario. El brote de COVID-19 ha ocasionado un escenario de bloqueo mundial, incidiendo negativamente sobre todos los sectores económicos, entre ellos, la producción agropecuaria en zonas rurales de Latinoamérica, donde los reportes indican, que las personas pobres están sufriendo de manera desproporcionada la crisis económica y sanitaria ocasionada por el virus. La vulnerabilidad del sector agroalimentario, refleja en muchos casos su incapacidad para hacer frente a situaciones adversas, condicionando el acceso de la población a una alimentación suficiente, nutritiva y saludable. Según datos oficiales, cerca de un tercio de la población mundial está bloqueada desde el anuncio de la OMS, comprometiendo las interacciones entre producción, procesamiento, distribución y consumo de alimentos, activándose las alertas de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional (SAN). En Venezuela, el precio de la canasta básica se encuentra en niveles exorbitantes, además, la calidad de productos perecederos como carne, leche y verduras, se ve afectada debido a la escasez de combustible y controles de seguridad, que dificultan el transporte hasta los mercados, creándose un estado de inseguridad alimentaria que progresivamente se ha agudizado en el último año. Para comprender esta situación, se planteó como objetivo general, describir y resaltar los niveles de complejidad propios de los sistemas agropecuarios frente a la pandemia por COVID-19, mediante experiencias teóricas sobre el diseño de estrategias que permitan ampliar los programas de emergencia para asistencia alimentaria y un auxilio inmediato a la producción agrícola como garante de SAN.

The coronavirus disease SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020; it is an infectious pathology that can have serious clinical manifestations such as bilateral pneumonia and respiratory failure that warrant hospital admission. The COVID-19 outbreak has caused a global blockade scenario, affecting negatively all economic sectors, including agricultural production in rural areas of Latin America, where reports indicate that poor people are suffering disproportionately from the crisis economic and health caused by the virus. The vulnerability of the agri-food sector reflects, in many cases, its inability to face adverse situations, conditioning the population's access to sufficient, nutritious, and healthy food. According to official data, about a third of the world population has been blocked since the WHO announcement, compromising the interactions between food production, processing, distribution, and consumption, activating food and nutrition security alerts (FNS). In Venezuela, the price of the basic basket is at exorbitant levels, besides, the quality of perishable products such as meat, milk, and vegetables is affected due to the shortage of fuel and security controls, which make transport to markets difficult. Creating a state of food insecurity that has progressively worsened in recent years. To understand this situation, the general objective was to describe and highlight the levels of complexity inherent to agricultural systems in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, through theoretical experiences on the design of strategies to expand emergency programs for food assistance and immediate aid to agricultural production as a guarantor of FNS.


Palabras clave


Coronavirus; Nutrición; Pandemia; Salud pública. Coronavirus; Nutrition; Pandemic; Public health.

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Referencias


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