Efecto de la dieta cetogénica en la prevención del desarrollo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Revisión narrativa
Effect of the ketogenic diet on the prevention of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Narrative review
Resumen
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53766/GICOS/2024.01.09.04
RESUMEN
Los beneficios de la dieta y el ejercicio también se han estudiado junto con otros hábitos tóxicos, como el tabaquismo y el alcohol. El resultado ha sido bastante beneficioso, dejando en claro que, aquellas personas que llevan un estilo de vida más saludable, no solamente limitado a dieta y ejercicio presentan un riesgo menor, de hasta el 75% de desarrollar diabetes. A pesar de existir diferentes modalidades de dieta, las que se basan en la restricción de carbohidratos, en especial la dieta cetogénica, son las que más han despertado el interés en los últimos años, pues prometen múltiples beneficios en los factores de riesgo metabólicos. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica fue ofrecer información biomédica actualizada referente al efecto de la dieta cetogénica en la prevención de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se llevó a cabo la búsqueda en tres bases de datos biomédicas, como son, PubMed, BVS y SCOPUS, en las que se obtuvo un total de 533 artículos, y de los cuales se incluyeron 12. Se consideró a la dieta cetogénica como única intervención, así mismo, se contempló como cetogénica a las dietas que incluían un aporte de carbohidratos menor a 50 g/día. Como principales resultados, se obtuvo una mejora importante de los parámetros metabólicos y en la composición corporal en participantes con diagnóstico de sobrepeso/obesidad/prediabetes/síndrome metabólico y sin diabetes tipo 2, en quienes se logró una reducción significativa en el peso corporal, circunferencia abdominal, IMC (índice de masa corporal), glucemia en ayunas e IR-HOMA (índice de HOMA).
ABSTRACT
The benefits of diet and exercise have also been studied alongside other toxic habits, such as smoking and alcohol. The result has been quite beneficial, making it clear that those people who lead a healthier lifestyle, not only limited to diet and exercise, have a lower risk of up to 75% of developing diabetes. Despite the existence of different diet modalities, those based on carbohydrate restriction, especially the ketogenic diet, are the ones that have aroused the most interest in recent years, as they promise multiple benefits in metabolic risk factors. The objective of this bibliographic review was to offer updated biomedical information regarding the effect of the ketogenic diet in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The search was carried out in three biomedical databases, such as PubMed, VHL and SCOPUS, in which a total of 533 articles were obtained, and of which 12 were included. The ketogenic diet was considered the only intervention, likewise, diets that included a carbohydrate intake of less than 50 g were considered ketogenic. /day. As main results, a significant improvement in metabolic parameters and body composition was obtained in participants with a diagnosis of overweight/obesity/prediabetes/metabolic syndrome and without type 2 diabetes, in whom a significant reduction in body weight, abdominal circumference was achieved, BMI (body mass index), fasting glycemia and IR-HOMA (HOMA index).
Recibido: 19-09-2023. Aceptado: 24-10-2023 Publicado: 01-03-2024
Palabras clave
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