Trastornos del sueño y su relación con la enfermedad de parkinson, epilepsia y esclerosis múltiple
Sleep disorders and their relationship with Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis

Diego Bratta Castro, Gabriela Hurtado Cuenca

Resumen


RESUMEN
Los trastornos del sueño (TS) se suelen presentar como manifestaciones clínicas tempranas de patologías neurológicas o como consecuencia de éstas; presentan una alta prevalencia en la Enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), esclerosis múltiple (EM) y epilepsia, con perfiles distintos en cada patología. En EP, el insomnio, el trastorno de conducta del sueño REM (TCSR) y el síndrome de piernas inquietas (SPI) son altamente prevalentes, siendo el TCSR un posible marcador prodrómico. En EM, predominan el síndrome de piernas inquietas, insomnio y somnolencia diurna. En epilepsia, especialmente focal, se observa una relación bidireccional con los trastornos del sueño, afectando el manejo de las convulsiones. Esta revisión bibliográfica fue redactada con base en la guía PRISMA ScR, se utilizaron las bases de datos Scopus, Medline (PubMed), WoS y BVS; y se incluyó un total de 38 artículos después de aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad. El estudio concluye que los trastornos del sueño más asociados a la enfermedad de Parkinson son el TCSR, mientras que en la Esclerosis Múltiple destaca el SPI. Los TS juegan un papel importante en el manejo de la epilepsia, teniendo gran relevancia y prevalencia en la epilepsia de inicio focal del lóbulo temporal y la refractaria a los fármacos. Estos trastornos son prevalentes e importantes en el manejo de enfermedades neurológicas, aunque se requieren más investigaciones con diseños longitudinales y métodos diagnósticos objetivos.

ABSTRACT
Sleep disorders (SD) often present as early clinical manifestations of neurological pathologies or because of them. They are highly prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and epilepsy, with distinct profiles in each pathology. In PD, insomnia, REM sleep behavior disorder (RSBD), and restless legs syndrome (RLS) are highly prevalent, with RSBD being a possible prodromal marker. In MS, restless legs syndrome, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness predominate. In epilepsy, especially focal epilepsy, a bidirectional relationship with sleep disorders is observed, affecting seizure management. This literature review was written based on the PRISMA ScR guidelines, using the Scopus, Medline (PubMed), WoS, and VHL databases; a total of 38 articles were included after applying the eligibility criteria. The study concludes that the sleep disorders most associated with Parkinson's disease are RSD, while in multiple sclerosis, RLS is most prominent. TS play an important role in the management of epilepsy, being highly relevant and prevalent in focal-onset temporal lobe epilepsy and drug-refractory epilepsy. These disorders are prevalent and important in the management of neurological diseases, although further research with longitudinal designs and objective diagnostic methods is needed.

Recibido: 25-07-2025
Aceptado: 03-09-2025
Publicado: 17-11-2025


Palabras clave


enfermedad de Parkinson; esclerosis múltiple; epilepsia; trastorno del sueño Parkinson's disease; multiple sclerosis; epilepsy; sleep disorder.

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Referencias


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