Revisión sistemática de las aplicaciones de la teleodontología en odontopediatría
Resumen
La teleodontología es un método alternativo de atención odontológica, que consiste en usar las tecnologías de la información y comunicación para brindarles acceso a los servicios odontológicos a pacientes de zonas rurales y remotas y a poblaciones desatendidas, donde no es posible la consulta presencial especializada. Se han publicado numerosos estudios sobre la aplicación de la teleodontología para diagnosticar enfermedades y lesiones bucales, referir pacientes pediátricos a la consulta especializada y hacer seguimiento. También se han publicado algunas revisiones, pero principalmente narrativas y en inglés. Por lo tanto, este artículo tiene como objetivo sintetizar la evidencia disponible sobre la aplicación de la teleodontología en odontopediatría. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Elsevier, Medline, Wiley Online Library, Europe PMC, SagePub, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis y el motor de búsqueda Scholar Google hasta octubre del 2020, de estudios sobre el uso de la teleodontología en pacientes pediátricos. Se identificaron 851 documentos, de los cuales se descargaron 149 textos completos para su posterior revisión. De estos, 37 estudios cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad: 21 experimentales, siete observacionales descriptivos, siete revisiones sistemáticas y dos preexperimentales. Se encontró que el uso de teleodontología es preciso, confiable y efectivo. Además, la aplicación de la teleodontología mejora el acceso a la salud bucal a niños de poblaciones remotas, rurales y desatendidas, mejora la calidad de la atención, reduce los costos y evita referencias innecesarias a la consulta especializada. Recibido: 11-11-2020 Aceptado: 17-02-2021
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