Tasa de éxito de los implantes dentales en pacientes tratados con bifosfonatos: una revisión sistemática
Resumen
Introducción: Los bifosfonatos son un tipo de fármacos antirresortivos que inhiben la resorción ósea, influyendo por tanto en el metabolismo óseo, inhibiendo la actividad osteoclástica. El uso de bifosfonatos puede aumentar considerablemente el riesgo a padecer osteonecrosis mandibular, sobre todo en personas con problemas de salud oral o después de una cirugía oral, así como en pacientes que toman bifosfonatos en dosis elevadas. Se ha observado que la administración local de bifosfonatos puede potenciar la oseointegración. Este efecto se atribuye al incremento de la densidad ósea perimplantaria y a la estimulación de la actividad osteoblástica, generando un entorno biológico favorable para la integración del implante. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la tasa de éxito de los implantes dentales en pacientes con tratamientos de bifosfonatos. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura, publicados en los últimos cinco años en revistas científicas. Se empleó el protocolo PRISMA para revisiones sistemáticas. Finalmente, la revisión fue registrada en la base de datos PROSPERO. Resultados: Los implantes dentales en pacientes tratados con bifosfonatos pueden tener una alta tasa de éxito (85–99%), siempre que se adopten medidas quirúrgicas específicas y se realice un seguimiento clínico riguroso. Conclusiones: la revisión de la literatura indica que se puede realizar la terapia implantológica en pacientes con tratamientos de bifosfonatos, siempre que se adopten medidas quirúrgicas específicas y se garantice un control clínico exhaustivo
Recibo: 06-08-25
Aceptado: 06-10-25
Palabras clave
Referencias
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