Relación entre el tratamiento antidepresivo y el fracaso de implantes dentales. Una revisión sistemática
Resumen
Introducción: algunos antidepresivos actúan sobre el sistema serotoninérgico y esto puede alterar el metabolismo óseo, afectando la actividad osteoblástica y osteoclástica, lo que podría comprometer la oseointegración de los implantes dentales. Estudios sugieren una asociación entre el uso de antidepresivos y el fracaso implantológico, sin embargo, la evidencia científica es escasa y metodológicamente limitada. Por ello, este artículo tiene como objetivo determinar la relación entre el tratamiento con antidepresivos y el fracaso de los implantes dentales. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica en PubMed, Scielo, Biblioteca Cochrane, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library y SpringerLink, siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA, que se registró en PROSPERO. Se realizó la evaluación de calidad metodológica aplicando las herramientas Newcastle-Ottawa para estudios de cohorte y casos y controles. Resultados: se incluyeron 5 estudios con 3000 pacientes y 7379 implantes dentales. Se evidencia mayor riesgo de fracaso implantológico en pacientes tratados con antidepresivos que el grupo control. La tasa promedio de fracaso fue de 17.08% en usuarios de antidepresivos frente a 6.88% en no medicados. Las tasas de supervivencia oscilaron entre 81.4% y 84.3%, vs. un 93% en grupos controles. El riesgo varía según el tipo de fármacos, siendo más elevado en aquellos que afectan múltiples vías neurotransmisoras. Conclusiones: existe una relación entre el tratamiento antidepresivo y el comportamiento clínico de los implantes dentales. Su uso aumenta la tasa de fracaso y disminuye la supervivencia.
Recibo: 01-10-25
Aceptado: 19-10-25
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