Tasa de éxito de los implantes dentales en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2: Revisión sistemática
Resumen
Introducción: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) es un factor de riesgo para el fracaso de los implantes dentales debido a su impacto en la cicatrización. Sin embargo, la influencia del control glucémico en el éxito de la rehabilitación implantológica no está completamente aclarada. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue determinar la tasa de éxito de las rehabilitaciones con implantes en pacientes con DMT2, controlada. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, etc.) hasta octubre de 2025, siguiendo las guías PRISMA. Se incluyeron cinco estudios observacionales que comparaban resultados implantológicos en pacientes con DMT2 con distintos niveles de control glucémico (definido por HbA1c) y pacientes no diabéticos. Resultados: El análisis de 407 pacientes y 935 implantes mostró que la DMT2 bien controlada, no se asoció con un aumento significativo del riesgo de fracaso del implante a corto y medio plazo (1-3 años), con tasas de supervivencia superiores al 90%, comparables a las de pacientes sanos. Asimismo, los pacientes con control glucémico irregular presentaron una mayor pérdida ósea marginal y peores parámetros de salud periimplantaria. Conclusión: La DMT2 controlada no contraindica la colocación de implantes dentales. El control glucémico estricto es el factor crítico. Se observaron tasas de supervivencia del 90.2% al 100% a corto/medio plazo, y 91.9% a largo plazo, y tasa de éxito de 97%, Destacando la necesidad de un manejo interdisciplinario y protocolos de mantenimiento rigurosos en esta población.
Recibo: 01-11-25
Aceptado: 14-11-25
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