Envíe este artículo por correo electrónico Fábrica de células para la obtención de bioenergía
Resumen
La producción de bioenergía a partir de biomasa representa una solución prometedora para mitigar los problemas de contaminación. Esta revisión narrativa explora el estado del arte de las "fábricas de células", estrategia biotecnológica que emplea microorganismos, como levaduras, bacterias y microalgas, para la bioconversión en bioenergía. Para ello, se analizaron los principales hallazgos recientes en ingeniería genética y metabólica que han permitido mejorar significativamente el rendimiento de estos microorganismos. Además, se destaca el enfoque en biorrefinerías y economía circular para aprovechar desechos orgánicos y residuos agroindustriales como materia prima sostenible. Se pudo evidenciar novedosas técnicas biotecnológicas, que han revo-lucionado la capacidad de diseñar microorganismos optimizados para la producción industrial de bioenergía. Estos avances promueven el cumplimiento de Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible relacionados con seguridad energética, mitigación del cambio climático, producción y consumo responsables, e innovación. Sin embargo, actualmente, persisten desafíos en cuanto a la producción de bioenergía. Entre estos se destacó la escalabilidad, costos, y evaluación de impactos ambientales y socioeconómicos. Sobre esta base, se recomienda que futuras investigaciones se centren en la integración de técnicas vanguardistas dentro de la industria, así como nuevas estrategias de ingeniería metabólica que optimicen las fábricas celulares, a gran escala.
Recibido: 25/07/2024
Revisado: 12/08/2024
Aceptado: 31/08/2024
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