Tratamiento de la osteoporosis. Revisión sistemática

José Ramón Vielma-Guevara

Resumen


La osteoporosis es una enfermedad crónica, con amplia distribución mundial. Es considerada la enfermedad del siglo y afecta principalmente a las mujeres posmenopáusicas; aun cuando, los hombres también son afectados. El objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática cualitativa es destacar las principales características del tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico de la osteoporosis. Para lo cual se realizó una búsqueda de información documental en PubMed, Scielo y Google Scholar con el uso de palabras claves en inglés y español, sin restricciones de tiempo. Un total 55685 trabajos fueron encontrados y recurrimos a la guía PRISMA para la depuración de la información. Para el tratamiento, tradicionalmente el uso de bifosfonatos por vía oral o intravenosa ofrecen excelentes alternativas terapéuticas; sin embargo, algunos efectos secundarios, debidos a lo prolongado del mismo, han sido observados. Otras estrategias de tratamiento lo constituyen la teriparatida, el denosumab y el ranelato de estroncio. Es una condición quimioterapéuticamente tratable, donde el clínico busca ofrecer la mejor calidad de vida posible para el paciente, al prevenir la consecuencia más temible: las fracturas. El uso de biomarcadores de metabolismo óseo es idóneo para monitorear la eficacia del tratamiento. La osteoporosis, también constituye una excelente área de trabajo para los investigadores de todo el mundo, en materia de inmunopatogenia, factores genéticos asociados y más recientemente de epigenética

Recibido: 11 de Septiembre de 2022
Aceptado: 9 de Abril de 2023
Publicado online: 25 de Junio de 2023


Palabras clave


Osteoporosis; Tratamiento; Bifosfonatos; Ranelato de estroncio; Teriparatida

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