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La yegua como biomodelo reproductivo para el estudio de la fertilidad en la mujer
Resumen
El estudio del impacto del envejecimiento en la fertilidad humana es complejo debido al número limitado de muestras y a la falta de biomodelos similares. En la actualidad se emplean multitud de especies, principalmente roedores debido a su alta disponibilidad y primates por su similitud genética. No obstante, la yegua, presenta unas características que la convierten en una gran alternativa, ya que es una especie que puede llegar a una edad avanzada y tiene una larga vida reproductiva. La población equina es diversa, seleccionada por la capacidad de rendimiento, los rasgos de conformación o el éxito de la descendencia, por lo que el envejecimiento reproductivo varía entre las yeguas de manera consistente, paralelamente a lo que se observa en las mujeres. Además, las técnicas de reproducción asistida y la transferencia de embriones se usan ampliamente en mujeres y yeguas para combatir la infertilidad. Finalmente, ambas especies comparten similitudes en la dinámica folicular y en los cambios reproductivos asociados a la edad, obesidad y excesivo ejercicio. Por lo tanto, el estudio comparativo de ambas puede aportar conocimiento recíproco sobre los mecanismos fundamentales que subyacen al envejecimiento reproductivo y en un futuro poder desarrollar nuevos enfoques para prolongar la duración y la calidad de la vida reproductiva, lo que finalmente tendrá un impacto en la salud global.
Recibido: 15 de Noviembre de 2023.
Aceptado: 11 de Marzo de 2024.
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