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Utilidad de la medición de la longitud de las costillas fetales como predictor de la edad gestacional.
Resumen
El objetivo de la investigación fue establecer utilidad de la medición de la longitud de las costillas fetales para la predicción de la edad gestacional. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal y prospectivo en mujeres con embarazos simples de bajo riesgo, entre 16 y 40 semanas de gestación, que acudieron a la consulta prenatal del Hospital Central “Dr. Urquinaona”, Maracaibo. Se midieron los valores de diámetro biparietal, circunferencia abdominal, longitud del fémur y longitud de las costillas fetales durante el segundo y tercer trimestre. Para el análisis final fueron seleccionados los datos de 215 mujeres sanas. Se realizaron un total de 3.450 evaluaciones totales, siendo el menor número de evaluaciones a las 38 semanas con 124 y el mayor número fue de 147 a las 37 semanas. Al analizar la correlación entre la longitud de las costillas fetales con la edad gestacional por fecha de ultima menstruación y el resto de las variables ecográficas utilizadas, se encontraron correlaciones fuertes, positivas y significativas (p < 0,0001). La diferencia promedio entre la edad gestacional por fecha de ultima menstruación y la obtenida por el modelo fue de +/- 0,35 semanas. El valor del coeficiente de determinación del modelo de edad gestacional predicha por la medición fue de 0,929. Al combinar los cuatro parámetros ecográficos estudiados en el modelo resultante fue de 0,992. Se concluye que la medición de la longitud de las costillas fetales es útil para predecir la edad gestacional.
Recibido: 12 de Mayo de 2024.
Aceptado: 20 de Octubre de 2024.
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