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Melatonina en infecciones bacterianas y sepsis. Un hablar cruzado entre el estrés oxidativo, daño oxidativo, actividad antioxidante, inmunidad innata y las mitocondrias (Revisión sistemática cualitativa)
Resumen
Con el propósito de describir las evidencias obtenidas en modelos in vivo e in vitro sobre el potencial uso de la melatonina en diferentes infecciones bacterianas (Gram positivas y Gram negativas) y el desarrollo de la sepsis, realizamos una revisión sistemática cualitativa con criterios de validación de la información, con el uso de siete motores de búsqueda, metabuscadores y bases de datos: Google Scholar, WebMD, Trip, Medscape, PubMed, NICE y Scielo, lo que se tradujo en la recuperación 55.540 documentos empleando una combinación de palabras claves en inglés y español y el uso de los operadores booleanos: AND, OR o NOT. Lo complejo de la fisiopatología de las diferentes infecciones bacterianas y la sepsis nos permitió inferir que existe un hablar cruzado entre el estrés oxidativo, daño oxidativo, actividad antioxidante, inmunidad innata y las mitocondrias. El análisis de la evidencia nos permitió puntualizar que la melatonina actúa como antiinflamatorio a través de las vías del Factor Nuclear Kappa Beta y del Inflamasoma NLRP3; además de sus propiedades como capturador de radicales libres derivados del oxígeno y del nitrógeno, su rol de protección a mitocondrias en la mitofagia, entre otras
propiedades. Melatonina es una excelente alternativa para mitigar, aminorar y combatir las infecciones y se ha propuesto su potencial uso como antibiótico y como coadyuvante en la sepsis.
Recibido: 09 de Septiembre de 2024.
Aceptado: 19 de Enero de 2025.
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