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El catalizador de Jacobsen en síntesis asimétrica: estructura, mecanismo y aplicaciones
Resumen
El catalizador de Jacobsen se ha convertido en un referente en la síntesis asimétrica durante las últimas tres décadas, en particular en la epoxidación enantioselectiva de alquenos no funcionalizados. Este trabajo ofrece una revisión crítica de las características estructurales, los aspectos mecanísticos y las aplicaciones sintéticas del catalizador (R,R)-Jacobsen y sus análogos. Se hace especial énfasis en su capacidad para lograr altos excesos enantioméricos, su disponibilidad comer-cial y su amplio espectro de sustratos. Los avances recientes, como la sustitución metálica, la inmovilización heterogénea y la integración de enfoques computacionales, han ampliado aún más la utilidad del catalizador y mejorado su perfil de sos-tenibilidad. Ejemplos representativos de síntesis total de productos naturales y compuestos con actividad farmacológica destacan la vigencia de los sistemas tipo Jacobsen en la química contemporánea. En conjunto, el catalizador se erige como un modelo paradigmático de selectividad, eficiencia y adaptabilidad en la catálisis estereoselectiva moderna, de acuerdo con los principios de la química verde.
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