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Biorrefinería azul: obtención de materiales lignocelulósicos avanzados mediante la biotecnología marina como herramienta.
Resumen
La biomasa marina procedente de macroalgas, microalgas y praderas marinas se está consolidando como un pilar fundamental para las biorrefinerías de nueva generación. Esta revisión se centra en los fundamentos estructurales, los métodos experimentales y las aplicaciones emergentes de estos biomateriales, haciendo hincapié en el uso sostenible de los recursos marinos. La primera sección, que presenta el estado del arte, abarca la celulosa marina, o “celulosa azul”, como precursora de materiales avanzados como la microcelulosa y la nanocelulosa marina. Estos nanomateriales, caracterizados por su alta cristalinidad, resistencia mecánica y gran superficie, son esenciales en aplicaciones de biomateriales de alto valor añadido. La segunda sección considera la lignina marina como una valiosa fuente de compuestos aromáticos sostenibles. Las nanopartículas de lignina son cruciales como antioxidantes naturales, filtros UV, estabilizadores de emulsiones y precursores de biocompuestos avanzados. La explotación de estos biopolímeros marinos acelera la transición hacia una economía circular y sostenible.
Recibido: 22 de noviembre de 2025
Aceptado: 22 de febrero de 2026
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.53766/CEI
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