Factores socio-alimentarios y estado nutricional en una comunidad universitaria: un estudio descriptivo en Ambato Socio-nutritional factors and nutritional status in a university community: a descriptive study in Ambato

Resumen

Introducción: la comunidad universitaria presenta patrones alimentarios poco saludables, consumo de tabaco y alcohol, son sedentarios, lo cual contribuye a la adopción de estilos de vida inadecuados, por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue relacionar factores socio-alimentarios con el estado nutricional. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal con una muestra no probabilística de 52 adultos que acudieron a la atención nutricional en una universidad de Ambato, se realizó un historial completo, nivel de actividad física, signos físicos, consumo alimentario; se midió peso, talla, circunferencias, pliegues para obtener índice de masa corporal, riesgos metabólicos; obteniendo un diagnóstico nutricional, se asoció variables en Jamovi 2,3 mediante Chi-cuadrado. Resultados: la mayoría son estudiantes 86,5%, mujeres 78,8%, no realizan actividad física 68,3%, consumen tabaco 7,7% y alcohol 11,5%. El 28,8% tiene antecedentes personales patológicos, 23,1% quirúrgicos, 15,4% presenta alergias o intolerancias; la mayoría tiene obesidad y sobrepeso 55,8%, riesgo cardio metabólico 59,6%, signos de malnutrición 55,8%, consumo insuficiente de proteínas 78,8% carbohidratos 51,9% y grasas 59,6%; existe una asociación significativa entre estado nutricional y grupo etario 0,033, antecedentes familiares 0,008 y riesgo cardio metabólico <0,001; entre sexo y riesgo cardio metabólico <0,001. Conclusión: se concluye que los pacientes que acuden a un servicio de nutrición universitario en su mayoría son mujeres, no realizan actividad física, tienen sobrepeso y obesidad, riesgo cardiometabólico, reflejan signos de malnutrición y presentan consumo insuficiente de macronutrientes. Los factores que se relacionan con el estado nutricional son grupo etario, antecedentes familiares y riesgo cardio metabólico y sexo. 

Introduction: the university community exhibits unhealthy eating patterns, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and sedentary behavior, contributing to the adoption of inadequate lifestyle habits. Therefore, the objective of this study was to relate dietary factors to nutritional status. Methods: this was a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample of 52 adults who attended nutritional counseling at a university in Ambato. A complete history was taken, including physical activity level, physical signs, and food consumption; weight, height, circumferences, and skinfolds were measured to obtain body mass index (BMI) and assess metabolic risks, leading to a nutritional diagnosis. Variables were associated using Jamovi 2.3 via Chi-square tests. Results: the majority were students (86.5%), with 78.8% being women. 68.3% did not engage in physical activity, 7.7% consumed tobacco, and 11.5% consumed alcohol. 28.8% had personal medical history, 23.1% had surgical history, and 15.4% had allergies or intolerances. Most individuals had obesity and overweight (55.8%), cardio-metabolic risk (59.6%), and signs of malnutrition (55.8%). Protein intake was insufficient in 78.8%, carbohydrates in 51.9%, and fats in 59.6%. Significant associations were found between nutritional status and age group (p=0.033), family history (p=0.008), and cardio-metabolic risk (p<0.001); between sex and cardio-metabolic risk (p<0.001). Conclusion: it was concluded that patients attending university nutrition services are predominantly women who do not engage in physical activity, have overweight and obesity, cardio-metabolic risk, exhibit signs of malnutrition, and have insufficient intake of macronutrients. Factors related to nutritional status include age group, family history, cardio-metabolic risk, and sex.

Recibido: 30-07-2024
Aceptado: 04-09-2024
Publicado: 01-11-2024