Análisis de la eficacia de las nuevas terapias en el tratamiento de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica
Analysis of the efficacy of new therapies in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Diego Bratta Castro, Julia Jaramillo

Resumen


RESUMEN
La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa que compromete a las motoneuronas superiores e inferiores, caracterizándose por la pérdida progresiva de sus funciones lo que conlleva debilidad muscular, parálisis, y, finalmente, insuficiencia respiratoria que lleva a la muerte del paciente. Es considerada una enfermedad catastrófica y aún no se ha encontrado una cura, por ello, esta investigación tiene como objetivo proporcionar los avances en tratamientos para ELA, identificando nuevos fármacos y evaluando su eficacia en comparación con las terapias convencionales. Se realizó una revisión de artículos científicos publicados entre 2019 y 2024, obtenidos mediante fórmulas en bases de datos: PubMed, Web of Sciencie, Scopus y Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. Se obtuvieron 43 publicaciones de las cuales 29 fueron ensayos clínicos y 14 revisiones de la literatura. Los principales hallazgos fueron fármacos en distintas dianas terapéuticas y terapias con células madre. Se concluyen que los nuevos tratamientos para ELA se agrupan en fármacos para disminuir el daño neuronal a través de distintos mecanismos y terapias en base de células madre, las terapias inmunológicas no fueron concluyentes en esta revisión.

ABSTRACT
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that involves the upper and lower motor neurons, characterized by progressive loss of function leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and, finally, respiratory failure leading to death of the patient. It is considered a catastrophic disease and a cure has not yet been found, therefore, this research aims to provide advances in treatments for ALS, identifying new drugs and evaluating their efficacy compared to conventional therapies. A review of scientific articles published between 2019 and 2024 was performed, the articles were obtained using formulas in databases: PubMed, Web of Sciencie, Scopus and Virtual Health Library. Forty-three publications were obtained of which 29 were clinical trials and 14 literature reviews. The main findings were drugs in different therapeutic targets and stem cell therapies. It is concluded that new treatments for ALS are grouped into drugs to reduce neuronal damage through different mechanisms and stem cell-based therapies; immunological therapies were not conclusive in this review.

Recibido: 08-01-2025
Aceptado: 13-02-2025
Publicado: 28-02-2025


Palabras clave


esclerosis lateral amiotrófica; nuevas terapias; progresión de la enfermedad;amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; new therapies; disease progression.

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Referencias


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