Perfil inmunológico mucosal y microarray de anticuerpos como herramienta diagnóstica y de estratificación en vaginosis bacteriana: viabilidad, rendimiento y valor clínico
Mucosal immune profile and antibody microarray as diagnostic and stratification tools in bacterial vaginosis: feasibility, performance, and clinical value
Resumen
RESUMEN
La interacción de la microbiota vaginal y respuesta inmunológica, ha sido motivo para investigar herramientas diagnósticas y de pronóstico con más precisión. El objetivo fue evaluar críticamente la evidencia y la plausibilidad biológica del uso combinado de perfiles de inmunoglobulina secretora en fluido vaginal, paneles locales de citoquinas pro/antiinflamatoria y microarrays de anticuerpos dirigidos a antígenos de la microbiota vaginal como estrategia diagnóstica y de estratificación pronóstica en vaginosis bacteriana, mediante revisión y análisis de la literatura reciente. Los hallazgos de mayor relevancia describen que la medición combinada de anticuerpos mucosales frente a bacterias vaginales como Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella spp. y de citoquinas pro/inflamatorias, logran que se diferencien subgrupos de mujeres con mayor riesgo de recurrencia o alguna complicación asociada. Al integrar los perfiles inmunológicos (microarray de anticuerpos) con los perfiles microbiológicos de la microbiota vaginal, se genera una estratificación pronóstica individual, aumentando su valor clínico con intervenciones de tratamiento personalizadas. El empleo combinado de inmunoglobulinas, citoquinas y microarrays, sería una estrategia viable que promete mejorar el diagnóstico y la estratificación de riesgo en la vaginosis bacteriana, no obstante, su implementación como diagnóstico rutinario requiere una validación en cohortes amplias, estandarizar protocolos y evaluar su costo-efectividad.
ABSTRACT
The interaction between the vaginal microbiota and the immune response has prompted research into more precise diagnostic and prognostic tools. The objective of this study was to critically evaluate the evidence and biological plausibility of using combined secretory immunoglobulin profiles in vaginal fluid, local panels of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines, and antibody microarrays targeting vaginal microbiota antigens as a diagnostic and prognostic stratification strategy for bacterial vaginosis, through a review and analysis of recent literature. The most relevant findings describe that the combined measurement of mucosal antibodies against vaginal bacteria such as Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella spp., and of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines, allows for the differentiation of subgroups of women at higher risk of recurrence or associated complications. Integrating immunological profiles (antibody microarrays) with vaginal microbiota profiles generates individual prognostic stratification, increasing its clinical value for personalized treatment interventions. The combined use of immunoglobulins, cytokines, and microarrays is a viable strategy that promises to improve diagnosis and risk stratification in bacterial vaginosis; however, its implementation as a routine diagnostic tool requires validation in large cohorts, standardized protocols, and an evaluation of its cost-effectiveness.
Recibido: 13-11.2025
Aceptado: 16-12-2025
Publicado: 02-02-2026
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Depósito Legal Electrónico: ME2016000090
ISSN Electrónico: 2610-797X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53766/GICOS
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