Actualización sobre las ventajas y desventajas de los métodos para el diagnóstico de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica
Update on the advantages and disadvantages of the methods for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Resumen
La Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad neurológica neurodegenerativa, que compromete la funcionalidad de la motoneurona superior e inferior, teniendo una evolución progresiva que puede transcurrir en un lapso de 5 años dejando una disfuncionalidad motora importante y que tiene, en todos los casos, un desenlace fatal. El diagnóstico prematuro permitirá llevar a cabo medidas de soporte, que otorgarán una mejor calidad de vida, durante la evolución de la enfermedad. Nos planteamos una revisión narrativa en la búsqueda de las ventajas y desventajas de los métodos diagnósticos de la ELA. Se utilizaron dos motores de búsqueda PubMed y BVS. Los artículos analizados fueron principalmente revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis, encontrándose que algunos biomarcadores en líquido cefalorraquídeo para diagnóstico de ELA, es el LCR TDP-43, por su ventaja de observarse elevado y caracterizar a la enfermedad, así como, algunas pruebas bioquímicas como los niveles elevados de creatina quinasa (CK), FBG, ferritina, TSC y disminución de TIBC juntos se destacan por su gran sensibilidad para el diagnóstico de ELA, así también los biomarcadores plasmáticos de miARN, let-7f-5p y miR-338-3p, pueden ser herramientas de diagnóstico temprano de ELA.
ABSTRACT
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative neurological disease, which compromises the functionality of the upper and lower motor neuron, having a progressive evolution that can take place in a period of 5 years, leaving significant motor dysfunction and that has, in all cases, a fatal outcome. Early diagnosis will allow support measures to be carried out, which will provide a better quality of life, during the evolution of the disease. We propose a narrative review in search of the advantages and disadvantages of the diagnostic methods of ALS. Two search engines PubMed and BVS. The articles analyzed were mainly systematic reviews and meta-analyses, finding that some biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of ALS is CSF TDP-43, due to its advantage of being elevated and characterizing the disease, as well as some biochemical tests such as elevated levels of creatine kinase (CK), FBG, ferritin, TSC and decreased TIBC together stand out for their great sensitivity for the diagnosis of ALS, as well as the miRNA plasmatic biomarkers, let-7f-5p and miR-338-3p, can be early diagnostic tools for ALS.
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Referencias
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ISSN Electrónico: 2610-797X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53766/GICOS
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