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Sistema agroalimentario: emisiones, acción climática, sector privado y financiamiento
Resumen
El sistema agroalimentario de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) enfrenta una encrucijada crítica: mientras el sector de agricultura, silvicultura y otros usos de la tierra (ASOUT) representa el 58% de las emisiones regionales, se posiciona también como el motor fundamental para una transición hacia la bioeconomía sostenible. Metodológicamente, este artículo propone la Tabla de Mapeo Comparativo (TMC) como una herramienta estratégica y operativa para superar la fragmentación contable existente entre las categorías sectoriales del Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC) y la visión funcional de las cadenas de valor de los sistemas agroalimentarios. Este enfoque permite visibilizar los puntos calientes de emisión en las etapas de pre y posproducción, facilitando la definición de proyectos con racionalidad climática. Asimismo, se examina la Triple Brecha que limita la acción climática en estos sistemas y que se expresa en: financiamiento insuficiente, planificación carente de ambición y persistente falta de datos robustos. De cara a la Conferencia de las Partes 30 (COP30) en Belém, Brasil, se enfatiza la urgencia de que las nuevas Contribuciones Determinadas a Nivel Nacional 3.0 (NDC 3.0) identifiquen con claridad y precisión proyectos factibles y financiables. Esto implica disponer de planes de inversión claros y detallados que movilicen capital público y privado. La colaboración multinivel, incluyendo la acción subnacional y las alianzas público-privadas, es fundamental para que la región no solo cumpla sus metas, sino que demuestre que la alimentación y el clima pueden coexistir en armonía, superando la paradoja de la baja prosperidad y la alta deforestación que afecta a biomas críticos como la Amazonía. Finalmente, se destacan los desafíos de biomas estratégicos como la Amazonía y los Andes, concluyendo que la integración de datos, la planificación multinivel y el financiamiento mixto son los pilares indispensables para traducir los acuerdos internacionales en carteras de inversión financiables que garanticen la seguridad alimentaria y la resiliencia climática global de los sistemas agroalimentarios.
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ISSN Electrónico: 2244-8128
ISSN Impreso: 1316-0354
ISSN L: 1316-0354
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53766/Agroalim
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